A knowledge-based, technology-supported society is one option for dealing with the current problems of mankind. In order to realize such a society, the establishment of a scientific discipline which promotes the creation, management, integration, and application of knowledge based on holistic, systemic principles is a pressing objective. Beyond current research on knowledge management, it will be necessary to understand and manage a complex, dynamic knowledge society, within an overall systemic framework. Systems Science, which provides such a basis, balances the relationships between individuals and the whole, and formulates suitable policies, will play a key role in the coming knowledge society.