Such an importance of open source software and open standards are well recognized in the field of e-learning. There have been a lot of proposals and developments of various open source e-learning platform such as Moodle or Sakai. Activities for open content are also emerging such as Opencourseware Consortium (OCWC) or Global Learning Object Brokered Exchange (GLOBE). A variety of technical standard have been also developed, by the organizations such as ADL, IMS, IEEE LTSC and ISO SC36, for the reusable and interoperable content, federated repository, learner model, competency, learning activity, and quality assurance.
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