YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(f(f(x))) -> a() f(f(a())) -> a() f(a()) -> a() f(f(g(g(x)))) -> f(a()) g(f(a())) -> a() g(a()) -> a() Let C be the following subset of R: f(a()) -> a() g(a()) -> a() The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(a()) -> a() g(a()) -> a() Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.