YES # Compositional parallel critical pair system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022). Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(g(x,a(),b())) -> x g(f(h(c(),d())),x,y) -> h(k1(x),k2(y)) k1(a()) -> c() k2(b()) -> d() f(h(k1(a()),k2(b()))) -> f(h(c(),d())) f(h(c(),k2(b()))) -> f(h(c(),d())) f(h(k1(a()),d())) -> f(h(c(),d())) Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The parallel critical pair system PCPS(R,C) is: f(g(f(h(c(),d())),a(),b())) -> f(h(k1(a()),k2(b()))) f(g(f(h(c(),d())),a(),b())) -> f(h(c(),d())) f(h(k1(a()),k2(b()))) -> f(h(c(),k2(b()))) f(h(k1(a()),k2(b()))) -> f(h(c(),d())) f(h(k1(a()),k2(b()))) -> f(h(k1(a()),d())) All pairs in PCP(R) are joinable and PCPS(R,C)/R is terminating. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.