YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: -(+(x(),-(x()))) -> 0() +(x(),-(x())) -> 0() 0() -> -(0()) Let C be the following subset of R: 0() -> -(0()) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: 0() -> -(0()) Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.