YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(a()) -> f(g(b(),b())) a() -> g(c(),c()) c() -> d() d() -> b() b() -> d() Let C be the following subset of R: c() -> d() b() -> d() The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: c() -> d() b() -> d() Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.