YES # Compositional parallel critical pair system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022). Consider the left-linear TRS R: g(a()) -> f(g(a())) g(b()) -> c(a()) a() -> b() f(x) -> h(x) h(x) -> c(b()) Let C be the following subset of R: g(b()) -> c(a()) a() -> b() f(x) -> h(x) h(x) -> c(b()) The parallel critical pair system PCPS(R,C) is: (empty) All pairs in PCP(R) are joinable and PCPS(R,C)/R is terminating. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # Compositional parallel critical pair system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022). Consider the left-linear TRS R: g(b()) -> c(a()) a() -> b() f(x) -> h(x) h(x) -> c(b()) Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The parallel critical pair system PCPS(R,C) is: (empty) All pairs in PCP(R) are joinable and PCPS(R,C)/R is terminating. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.