YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022, Section 8 in LMCS 2023) Consider the left-linear TRS R: a(b(x)) -> a(c(x)) c(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) c(c(x)) -> c(c(x)) a(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) b(c(x)) -> a(c(x)) c(c(x)) -> c(c(x)) c(b(x)) -> a(b(x)) Let C be the following subset of R: a(b(x)) -> a(c(x)) c(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) a(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) b(c(x)) -> a(c(x)) c(b(x)) -> a(b(x)) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R is equivalent to that of C. # Compositional parallel critical pair system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022). Consider the left-linear TRS R: a(b(x)) -> a(c(x)) c(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) a(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) b(c(x)) -> a(c(x)) c(b(x)) -> a(b(x)) Let C be the following subset of R: a(b(x)) -> a(c(x)) c(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) a(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) b(c(x)) -> a(c(x)) The parallel critical pair system PCPS(R,C) is: (empty) All pairs in PCP(R) are joinable and PCPS(R,C)/R is terminating. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # Compositional parallel critical pair system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022). Consider the left-linear TRS R: a(b(x)) -> a(c(x)) c(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) a(c(x)) -> c(b(x)) b(c(x)) -> a(c(x)) Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The parallel critical pair system PCPS(R,C) is: a(b(c(x1_1))) -> a(a(c(x1_1))) a(b(c(x1_1))) -> a(c(c(x1_1))) c(c(c(x1_1))) -> c(c(b(x1_1))) c(c(c(x1_1))) -> c(b(c(x1_1))) a(c(c(x1_1))) -> a(c(b(x1_1))) a(c(c(x1_1))) -> c(b(c(x1_1))) b(c(c(x1_1))) -> b(c(b(x1_1))) b(c(c(x1_1))) -> a(c(c(x1_1))) All pairs in PCP(R) are joinable and PCPS(R,C)/R is terminating. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.