YES # Compositional critical pair system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022). Consider the left-linear TRS R: a1() -> b1() a1() -> c1() b1() -> b2() c1() -> c2() a2() -> b2() a2() -> c2() b2() -> b3() c2() -> c3() a3() -> b3() a3() -> c3() b3() -> b4() c3() -> c4() a4() -> b4() a4() -> c4() b4() -> b5() c4() -> c5() a5() -> b6() b5() -> b6() c5() -> b6() Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The critical pair system CPS(R,C) is: a1() -> b1() a1() -> c1() a2() -> b2() a2() -> c2() a3() -> b3() a3() -> c3() a4() -> b4() a4() -> c4() All pairs in PCP(R) are joinable and PCPS(R,C)/R is terminating. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.