YES # Compositional critical pair system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022). Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(a()) -> f(g(b(),b())) a() -> g(c(),c()) c() -> d() d() -> b() b() -> d() Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The critical pair system CPS(R,C) is: f(a()) -> f(g(c(),c())) f(a()) -> f(g(b(),b())) All pairs in PCP(R) are joinable and PCPS(R,C)/R is terminating. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.