YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: a1() -> b1() a1() -> c1() b1() -> b2() c1() -> c2() a2() -> b2() a2() -> c2() b2() -> b3() c2() -> c3() a3() -> b3() a3() -> c3() b3() -> b4() c3() -> c4() a4() -> b4() a4() -> c4() b4() -> b5() c4() -> c5() a5() -> b6() b5() -> b6() c5() -> b6() Let C be the following subset of R: b1() -> b2() c1() -> c2() b2() -> b3() c2() -> c3() b3() -> b4() c3() -> c4() b4() -> b5() c4() -> c5() b5() -> b6() c5() -> b6() The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: b1() -> b2() c1() -> c2() b2() -> b3() c2() -> c3() b3() -> b4() c3() -> c4() b4() -> b5() c4() -> c5() b5() -> b6() c5() -> b6() Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.