YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(g(h(x))) -> g(f(h(g(x)))) f(x) -> x g(x) -> x h(x) -> x Let C be the following subset of R: f(x) -> x g(x) -> x h(x) -> x The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(x) -> x g(x) -> x h(x) -> x Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.