YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: F(G(x,A(),B())) -> x G(F(H(C(),D())),x,y) -> H(K1(x),K2(y)) K1(A()) -> C() K2(B()) -> D() Let C be the following subset of R: K1(A()) -> C() K2(B()) -> D() The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: K1(A()) -> C() K2(B()) -> D() Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.