YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(g(g(x))) -> a() f(g(h(x))) -> b() f(h(g(x))) -> b() f(h(h(x))) -> c() g(x) -> h(x) a() -> b() b() -> c() Let C be the following subset of R: f(h(h(x))) -> c() g(x) -> h(x) a() -> b() b() -> c() The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(h(h(x))) -> c() g(x) -> h(x) a() -> b() b() -> c() Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.