YES # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(0(),0()) -> f(0(),1()) f(1(),0()) -> f(0(),0()) f(x,y) -> f(y,x) Let C be the following subset of R: f(0(),0()) -> f(0(),1()) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R follows from that of C. # parallel critical pair closing system (Shintani and Hirokawa 2022, Section 8 in LMCS 2023) Consider the left-linear TRS R: f(0(),0()) -> f(0(),1()) Let C be the following subset of R: (empty) The TRS R is left-linear and all parallel critical pairs are joinable by C. Therefore, the confluence of R is equivalent to that of C. # emptiness The empty TRS is confluent.